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Lac qui Parle River

Coordinates: 45°01′35″N 95°52′49″W / 45.02639°N 95.88028°W / 45.02639; -95.88028
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Lac qui Parle River
The Lac qui Parle River in Lac qui Parle Township in 2007
Native nameWatapan Intapa (Dakota)
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMinnesota
Physical characteristics
SourceLake Hendricks
 • locationHendricks, Lincoln County
 • coordinates44°30′17″N 96°26′06″W / 44.50472°N 96.43500°W / 44.50472; -96.43500[1]
 • elevation1,755 ft (535 m)[2]
MouthMinnesota River
 • location
Lac qui Parle State Park, Lac qui Parle County
 • coordinates
45°01′35″N 95°52′49″W / 45.02639°N 95.88028°W / 45.02639; -95.88028[1]
 • elevation
934 ft (285 m)[2]
Length118.3 mi (190.4 km)[3]
Basin size1,156 sq mi (2,990 km2)[4]
Discharge 
 • locationLac qui Parle Township[5]
 • average157 cu ft/s (4.4 m3/s)[5]
 • minimum0 cu ft/s (0 m3/s)
 • maximum17,100 cu ft/s (480 m3/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftWest Branch Lac qui Parle River
The Lac qui Parle River in Lac qui Parle Township in 2007

The Lac qui Parle River is a tributary of the Minnesota River, 118 miles (190 km) long, in southwestern Minnesota in the United States. A number of tributaries of the river, including its largest, the West Branch Lac qui Parle River, also flow in eastern South Dakota. Via the Minnesota River, the Lac qui Parle River is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 1,156 square miles (2,990 km2) in an agricultural region. Slightly more than two-thirds of the Lac qui Parle watershed is in Minnesota.[4]

The Native Dakota name for the river is "Watapan Intapa" which means "River at the Head", referencing that the Dakota considered the river the head of the Minnesota River. The French misinterpreted the name for Lac qui Parle Lake as also belonging to the Lac qui Parle River. The river was also called Beaver Creek by fur traders.[6][7]

The source of the river is Lake Hendricks on the boundary of Lincoln County, Minnesota, and Brookings County, South Dakota. It issues from the lake in Hendricks, Minnesota, and flows northeastwardly through northwestern Lincoln County as an intermittent stream on the Coteau des Prairies, a morainic plateau dividing the Mississippi and Missouri River watersheds, into western Yellow Medicine County, where it flows off the Coteau, dropping 250 feet (76 m) in eight miles (13 km). Continuing northeastwardly through flat till plains with occasional willows and cottonwoods along its banks, the river flows into eastern Lac qui Parle County, passing to the east of Dawson. It flows into the Minnesota River just below Lac qui Parle Lake in Lac qui Parle State Park, approximately ten miles (16 km) northwest of Montevideo, after flowing through a wooded valley in which it drops 210 feet (64 m) in 18 miles (29 km). Lac qui Parle Lake was formed by a delta at the mouth of the Lac qui Parle River, and is maintained by a dam.[4][8][9]

The river's largest tributary, the West Branch Lac qui Parle River,[10] 64.1 miles (103.2 km) long,[11] rises on the coteau in eastern Deuel County, South Dakota, and flows initially northeastwardly as an intermittent stream, past Gary, South Dakota, then eastwardly through Lac qui Parle County, past Dawson. Other tributaries include two small trout streams: Canby Creek, 24 miles (39 km) long, which flows northeastwardly on the Coteau in western Yellow Medicine County, through Canby; and Tenmile Creek, 33 miles (53 km) long, which flows eastward and northwardy through Lac qui Parle County, through Boyd.[3][8][9][12]

According to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, of the 806 square miles (2,090 km2) of the river's watershed in Minnesota, 79% of the land is used for agricultural cultivation, primarily corn and soybeans.[4] Water quality has degraded, with only 3% of the river being fully supportive of aquatic life. Eutrophication is one major reason for this.[13]

The river is also home to calcerous fen habitats, seven of which exist in the Lac qui Parle River Watershed.[14] Calcerous fens are calcium-rich peat wetlands which support endangered plants in Minnesota like the cut-leaf water parsnip and hairy fimbry.[15]

The Lac qui Parle River is used recreationally as a place for canoeing and kayaking.[16]

Flow rate

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At the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge near the community of Lac qui Parle in Lac qui Parle Township, the annual mean flow of the river between 1910 and 2005 was 157 cubic feet per second (4 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 17,100 ft³/s (484 m³/s) on April 10, 1969. Readings of zero were recorded on numerous days during several years.[5]

In media

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  • "Driving Toward the Lac qui Parle River" is a poem by Robert Bly, in which the river is a part of the setting.[17][18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Geographic Names Information System entry for Lac qui Parle River (Feature ID #646304)". Geographic Names Information System. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  2. ^ a b Google Earth elevation for GNIS coordinates. Retrieved on 2007-06-05.
  3. ^ a b "Lac qui Parle River Major Watershed". Minnesota River Basin Data Center. Minnesota State University, Mankato. 2000-06-06. pp. Streams within the Lac qui Parle River Major Watershed. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  4. ^ a b c d "Watersheds of the Minnesota River Basin". Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2005-12-01. pp. Minnesota River Basin: Lac qui Parle Watershed. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  5. ^ a b c Mitton, G. B.; K. G. Guttormson; G. W. Stratton; E. S. Wakeman. "Water Resources Data in Minnesota, Water Year 2005 Annual Report". United States Geological Survey. pp. Lac qui Parle River near Lac qui Parle, MN. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  6. ^ "History | Lac qui Parle County, MN". lqpco.com. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
  7. ^ "Lac qui Parle, The US-Dakota War of 1862" Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved July 10, 2024
  8. ^ a b Waters, Thomas F. (2006). "The Southwest: Rivers of the Coteau des Prairies". The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 288–303. ISBN 0-8166-0960-8.
  9. ^ a b Minnesota Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Me.: DeLorme. 1994. pp. 28, 36–37. ISBN 0-89933-222-6.
  10. ^ "Geographic Names Information System entry for West Branch Lac qui Parle River (Feature ID #1258879)". Geographic Names Information System. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  11. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed October 5, 2012
  12. ^ South Dakota Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Me.: DeLorme. 2001. p. 35. ISBN 0-89933-330-3.
  13. ^ "Stressor Identification Report Summary: Lac qui Parle River." Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Retrieved July 14, 2024
  14. ^ "Lac qui Parle River Watershed Characterization Report | WRL Digital Asset Management". wrl.mnpals.net. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  15. ^ "Calcerous Fens: Amazing, Rare, Irreplacable" Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2024-07-14.
  16. ^ "Lac qui Parle County". Western Minnesota Prairie Waters. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  17. ^ Bly, Robert (1953). Silence in the Snowy Field. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780819510150.
  18. ^ Foundation, Poetry (2024-07-07). "Driving toward the Lac Qui Parle River by Robert Bly". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
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