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Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)

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Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Theatrical release poster
Directed byChris Columbus
Screenplay bySteve Kloves
Based onHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
by J. K. Rowling
Produced byDavid Heyman
Starring
CinematographyRoger Pratt
Edited byPeter Honess
Music byJohn Williams
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures[2]
Release dates
  • 3 November 2002 (2002-11-03) (Odeon Leicester Square)
  • 15 November 2002 (2002-11-15) (United Kingdom and United States)
Running time
161 minutes[3]
Countries
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100 million[2]
Box office$882.5 million[2]

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a 2002 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus from a screenplay by Steve Kloves. It is based on the 1998 novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by J. K. Rowling. Produced by David Heyman, it is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and the second instalment in the Harry Potter film series. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as his best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger respectively. The story follows Harry's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, where the Heir of Salazar Slytherin opens the Chamber of Secrets, unleashing a monster that petrifies the school's students.

The film was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 15 November 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures. Critics praised its darker plot, sets, performances (especially Branagh, Coltrane and Isaacs), and a story appropriate for a young audience, and it became a critical and commercial success, grossing $878 million worldwide (domestic 29.7% and foreign 70.2%)[4] and becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 2002.[4] The film was nominated for many awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design, Best Sound, and Best Special Visual Effects. It was followed by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004).

Plot

[edit]

Spending the summer with the Dursleys, Harry Potter meets Dobby, a house-elf who warns him not to return to Hogwarts or danger will strike. When Harry refuses, Dobby sabotages an important dinner for the Dursleys, who lock up Harry to prevent his departure. Harry's friend Ron Weasley and his brothers Fred and George rescue him in their father's flying car.

In Diagon Alley, Harry, the Weasleys and Hermione Granger notice a book-signing by Gilderoy Lockhart, Hogwarts' new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. There, Harry sees Draco Malfoy's father, Lucius, slip a book into Ginny Weasley's cauldron. After being blocked from entering Platform Nine and Three-Quarters at King's Cross railway station, Harry and Ron take the car to Hogwarts. There, they crash into the Whomping Willow, breaking Ron's wand, and receive detention.

In detention, Harry hears a strange voice and later finds caretaker Argus Filch's cat, Mrs Norris, petrified beside a message written in blood: "The Chamber of Secrets has been opened, enemies of the heir... beware." One of Hogwarts' founders, Salazar Slytherin, supposedly constructed a secret Chamber containing a monster that only his heir can control, capable of purging the school of Muggle-born students. To solve this mystery, Harry, Ron, and Hermione plan to question Malfoy, using polyjuice potion, which they brew in a bathroom haunted by Moaning Myrtle, a ghost.

During a Quidditch game, Harry's arm is broken by a rogue Bludger. Dobby visits him in the infirmary and reveals that he closed the barrier to Platform Nine and Three-Quarters and made the Bludger chase Harry to force him to leave the school. He also reveals that the Chamber had been opened in the past. When Harry communicates with a snake, the school starts to believe he is the heir. Disguised as two of Malfoy's friends, Harry and Ron learn he is not the heir, but come to know that a Muggle-born girl died when the Chamber was last opened. Harry finds an enchanted diary owned by former student Tom Marvolo Riddle, who opened the Chamber and blamed Rubeus Hagrid, leading to his expulsion. When the diary is stolen and Hermione is petrified, Harry and Ron question Hagrid. Professor Dumbledore, Minister of Magic Cornelius Fudge, and Lucius arrive to take Hagrid to Azkaban and remove Dumbledore from office, but he discreetly tells the boys to "follow the spiders". In the Forbidden Forest, Harry and Ron meet Hagrid's giant pet spider, Aragog, who reveals Hagrid's innocence and provides a small clue of the Chamber's monster.

A book page in Hermione's hand identifies the monster as a basilisk, a giant serpent that kills people who make direct eye contact with it; the petrified victims only saw it indirectly. The school staff learns Ginny has been taken into the Chamber, and nominate Lockhart to save her. Harry and Ron find Lockhart preparing to flee, exposing him as a fraud. Deducing that Myrtle was the Muggle-born girl that the basilisk killed, they find the Chamber's entrance in the bathroom she haunts. Once inside, Lockhart tries to stop Harry and Ron by using a memory charm. However, because he seized Ron's broken wand, the spell backfires, erasing Lockhart's memory and causing a cave-in that separates Harry from Ron and Lockhart.

Harry enters the Chamber alone and finds Ginny unconscious, guarded by Riddle, who turns out to be Slytherin's heir and Voldemort's younger self, and he used the diary to manipulate Ginny into reopening the Chamber. After Harry expresses his loyalty to Dumbledore, the latter's pet phoenix Fawkes arrives with the Sorting Hat, causing Riddle to summon the basilisk. Fawkes blinds the basilisk, and the Sorting Hat produces the Sword of Gryffindor, with which Harry battles the basilisk. After a struggle, he kills it but is poisoned by one of its fangs.

Despite his injury, Harry stabs the diary with the basilisk fang, destroying Riddle and reviving Ginny. Fawkes' tears heal Harry, who returns to Hogwarts with his friends and a baffled Lockhart, earning Dumbledore's praise and Hagrid's release. Harry accuses Lucius, Dobby's master, of planting the diary in Ginny's cauldron, and tricks him into freeing Dobby. The basilisk's victims are healed, Hermione reunites with her friends, and Hagrid is released from Azkaban.

Cast

[edit]
Further information: List of Harry Potter cast members
A photograph of Daniel Radcliffe
A photograph of Rupert Grint
A photograph of Emma Watson
Left to right: Daniel Radcliffe (pictured in 2014), Rupert Grint (2018), and Emma Watson (2013)

Several actors from Philosopher's Stone reprise their roles in this film. Harry Melling portrays Dudley Dursley, Harry's Muggle cousin.[12] James and Oliver Phelps play Fred and George Weasley, Ron's twin brothers;[13] Chris Rankin appears as Percy Weasley, Ron's other brother and a Gryffindor prefect;[14] and Bonnie Wright portrays their sister Ginny.[15] Tom Felton plays Draco Malfoy, Harry's rival in Slytherin,[16] while Jamie Waylett and Joshua Herdman appear as Crabbe and Goyle, Draco's minions.[17][18] Matthew Lewis, Devon Murray and Alfred Enoch play Neville Longbottom, Seamus Finnigan and Dean Thomas, respectively, three Gryffindor students in Harry's year.[16][19] David Bradley portrays Argus Filch, Hogwarts' caretaker,[20] and Sean Biggerstaff as Oliver Wood, the Keeper of the Gryffindor Quidditch team.[21] Leslie Phillips voices the Sorting Hat.[22] Eleanor Columbus, Chris Columbus's daughter, appears as Susan Bones, Edward Randell appears as Justin Finch-Fletchley, Charlotte Skeoch as Hannah Abbott, and Louis Doyle as Ernie MacMillan; Hufflepuff students. Emily Dale appears as Katie Bell, Rochelle Douglas as Alicia Spinnet, and Danielle Tabor as Angelina Johnson; Gryffindor girls. Jamie Yeats appears as Marcus Flint, Scott Fearn as Adrian Pucey; and David Holmes, David Massam, and Tony Christian appear as Slytherin quidditch players. Gemma Padley appears as Penelope Clearwater, a Ravenclaw student and Percy's girlfriend. Luke Youngblood plays Lee Jordan, the Quidditch comentator.

Christian Coulson appears as Tom Marvolo Riddle, a manifestation of young Lord Voldemort.[10][23] Mark Williams portrays Arthur Weasley, Ron's father.[10] Shirley Henderson plays Moaning Myrtle, a Hogwarts ghost.[24] Miriam Margolyes appears as Pomona Sprout, Hogwarts' Herbology professor and head of Hufflepuff.[5] Hugh Mitchell portrays Colin Creevey, a first year student that is a fan of Harry's.[25] Robert Hardy appears as Cornelius Fudge, the Minister for Magic.[26] Toby Jones voices Dobby, a House-elf,[13] while Julian Glover voices Aragog, an acromantula.[27] Jim Norton appears as Mr. Mason and Veronica Clifford appears as Mrs. Mason. Alfred Burke appears as Master Dippet in a memory of Tom Riddle. Daisy Bates, David Tysall and Peter Taylor appear as moving pictures. Helen Stuart plays Millicent Bulstrode, a Slytherin girl.

Hugh Grant was rumoured to be the first choice to play the role of Gilderoy Lockhart,[28] but due to reported scheduling conflicts he was unable to play the character.[29][30] Columbus later denied that Grant had been considered and stated that they had not met.[31] Alan Cumming and Rupert Everett were also considered for Lockhart. Cumming backed out over a salary dispute.[32] Before Coulson was cast as Tom Riddle, James McAvoy and Eddie Redmayne – who later played Newt Scamander in the Fantastic Beasts films – auditioned for the role.[23][33]

Production

[edit]

Costume and set design

[edit]
The flying Ford Anglia used in the film.

Production designer Stuart Craig returned for the sequel to design new elements previously not seen in the first film. He designed the Burrow based on Arthur Weasley's interest in Muggles, built vertically out of architectural salvage.[34] Mr. Weasley's flying car was created from a 1962 Ford Anglia 105E.[35] The Chamber of Secrets, measuring over 76 metres (249 ft) long and 36.5 metres (119.8 ft) wide, was the biggest set created for the saga.[36] Dumbledore's office, which houses the Sorting Hat and the Sword of Gryffindor, was also built for the film.[37]

Lindy Hemming was the costume designer for Chamber of Secrets.[38] She retained many of the characters' already established appearances, and chose to focus on the new characters introduced in the sequel. Gilderoy Lockhart's wardrobe incorporated bright colours, in contrast with the "dark, muted or sombre colours" of the other characters. Branagh said, "We wanted to create a hybrid between a period dandy and someone who looked as if they could fit into Hogwarts."[39] Hemming also perfected Lucius Malfoy's costume. One of the original concepts was for him to wear a pinstripe suit, but was changed to furs and a snake head cane in order to remark his aristocrat quality and to reflect a "sense of the old."[39]

Filming

[edit]

Principal photography began on 19 November 2001, only three days after the wide release of the first film.[40] Second-unit work had started three weeks before, primarily for the flying car scene.[41] Filming took place mainly at Leavesden Film Studios in Hertfordshire,[42][43] as well as on the Isle of Man.[44] King's Cross railway station was used as the filming location for Platform 9¾, though St Pancras railway station was used for the exterior shots.[45][46] Gloucester Cathedral was used as the setting for Hogwarts School,[47] along with Durham Cathedral,[48] Alnwick Castle,[49] Lacock Abbey,[50] and the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford.[51] The Burrow was built in Gypsy Lane, Abbots Langley, in front of Leavesden Studios.[52]

Roger Pratt was brought on as director of photography for Chamber of Secrets, in order to give the film "a darker and edgier feel" than its predecessor, which reflected "the growth of the characters and the story."[39] Director Chris Columbus opted to use handheld cameras to allow more freedom in movement,[53] which he considered "a departure for [him] as a filmmaker."[39] University of Cambridge linguistics professor Francis Nolan created Parseltongue, the language spoken by snakes in the film.[54] Principal photography wrapped in July 2002.[55][56]

Sound design

[edit]

Due to the events that take place in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, the film's sound effects were much more expansive than in the previous instalment. Sound designer and supervising sound editor Randy Thom returned for the sequel using Pro Tools to complete the job, which included initial conceptions done at Skywalker Sound in California and primary work done at Shepperton Studios in England.[57]

Thom wanted to give the Whomping Willow a voice, a deep growl for which he used his own voice slowed down, equalised and bass-boosted. For the mandrakes, he combined baby cries with female screams, in order to "make it just exotic enough so that you think, 'Hmm, I've never heard anything quite like that before.'"[57]

Thom described the basilisk as a challenge, "because it's a giant snake, but it's also like a dragon — not many snakes have teeth like that. He had to hiss, he had to roar and there were times at the end when he was in pain." He mixed his own voice, tiger roars, and horse and elephant vocalizations.[57]

Special and visual effects

[edit]
Fawkes the Phoenix, Dobby, and Aragog at the Making of Harry Potter tour in London.

Visual effects took nine months to make,[53] until 9 October 2002, when the film was finished.[58] Industrial Light & Magic, Mill Film, the Moving Picture Company (MPC), Cinesite and Framestore CFC handled the approximately 950 visual effect shots in the film.[59][60] Jim Mitchell and Nick Davis served as visual effects supervisors. They were in charge of creating the CGI characters Dobby the House Elf, the Basilisk, and the Cornish pixies, among others.[59] Chas Jarrett from MPC served as CGI supervisor, overseeing the approach of any shot that contains CGI in the film.[61] With a crew of 70 people, the company produced 251 shots, 244 of which made it to the film, from September 2001 to October 2002.[62]

The visual effects team worked alongside creature effects supervisor Nick Dudman, who devised Fawkes the Phoenix, the Mandrakes, Aragog the Acromantula, and the first 25 feet (8 m) of the Basilisk.[59][63] According to Dudman, Aragog was the most challenging character to create. The giant spider stood 9 feet (3 m) tall with an 18 feet (5 m) foot leg span, each of which had to be controlled by a different team member. The whole creature weighed three quarters of a ton.[59] It took over 15 people to operate the animatronic Aragog on set.[64]

The Whomping Willow sequence required a combination of practical and visual effects. Special effects supervisor John Richardson and his team created mechanically operated branches to hit the flying car.[65] A 1:3 scale set was built on stage at Shepperton Studios, which featured the fully-sized top third of the tree with a forced perspective to appear a height of over 100 feet (30 m) high. The courtyard and the tree were built in 3D. Some shots ended up being entirely digital.[62][66] Jarret identified the rendering as "the biggest challenge" of the scene, because "there was just so much going on in [it] ... It was simply massive."[66]

Music

[edit]
Main article: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (soundtrack)

John Williams, who composed the previous film's score, returned to score Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Composing the film proved to be a difficult task, as Williams had just completed scoring Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Minority Report when work was to begin on Catch Me If You Can. Because of this, William Ross was brought in to arrange themes from the Philosopher's Stone into the new material that Williams was composing whenever he had the chance. Ross also conducted the scoring sessions with the London Symphony Orchestra.[67] The soundtrack album was released on 12 November 2002.[68]

Distribution

[edit]

Marketing

[edit]

Footage for the film began appearing online in the summer of 2002, with a teaser trailer debuting in cinemas with the release of Scooby-Doo that June.[69] A video game based on the film was released in early November 2002 by Electronic Arts for several consoles, including GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox.[70] The film also continued the merchandising success set by its predecessor, with reports of shortages on Lego's Chamber of Secrets tie-ins.[71]

Home media

[edit]

The film was originally released in the United Kingdom, United States and Canada on 11 April 2003 on both VHS tape and in a two-disc special edition fullscreen/widescreen DVD digipack, which included extended and deleted scenes and interviews.[72] On 11 December 2007, the film's Blu-ray version was released.[73] An Ultimate Edition of the film was released on 8 December 2009, featuring new footage, TV spots, an extended version of the film with deleted scenes edited in, and a feature-length special Creating the World of Harry Potter Part 2: Characters.[74] The film's extended version has a running time of about 174 minutes, which has previously been shown during certain television airings.[75]

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets held its world premiere at Odeon Leicester Square on 3 November 2002,[76] and was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 15 November 2002.[77] The film broke multiple records upon its opening. In the United States and Canada, the film opened to an $88.4 million opening weekend, playing on 8,515 screens at 3,682 theaters, making it the third-largest opening at the time, behind Spider-Man and its predecessor Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.[78] The film would hold the record for having the largest number of screenings until it was surpassed by X2 the next year.[79] It was also No. 1 at the box office for two non-consecutive weekends.[80] Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was the second 2002 film to return to the number one spot, just after Mel Gibson's Signs. The film joined Die Another Day and The Santa Clause 2 to outperform the weak opening of Treasure Planet.[81] Both Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Die Another Day were the most recent films to reclaim the number one spot for six months until June 2003 when Finding Nemo became the next film to do so.[82] In the United Kingdom, the film broke all opening records that were previously held by Philosopher's Stone. It made £18.9 million during its opening including previews and £10.9 million excluding previews. [83] It went on to make £54.8 million in the UK; at the time, the fifth-biggest tally of all time in the region.[84]

Internationally, the film earned $59.5 million during its opening weekend.[85] The film earned $3.7 million in Japan, making it the highest opening of any film in the country until it was surpassed a year later by The Matrix Reloaded.[86] In Malaysia, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets made a total of $474,000, breaking Eraser's record for having the country's biggest opening for any Warner Bros. film. It would go on to generate a total of $1.03 million in Singapore, becoming the second-highest film opening in the country, after The Lost World: Jurassic Park. Meanwhile, the film earned $3.1 million in Taiwan, surpassing The Mummy Returns by 16%. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets would then gross over $1.15 million in the Philippines, ranking as an industry high in the country only 5% bigger than Godzilla.[87] The film made a total of $879.8 million worldwide in its original release and $926.2 million after re-releases.[2][88] It was the second-highest-grossing film of 2002 worldwide behind The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers,[89] and the fourth highest-grossing film in the US and Canada that year with $262.6 million behind Spider-Man, The Two Towers, and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.[90] However, it was the year's number one film outside of America, making $617.2 million compared to The Two Towers' $584.5 million.[91]

Critical response

[edit]

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 82% based on 237 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though perhaps more enchanting for younger audiences, Chamber of Secrets is nevertheless both darker and livelier than its predecessor, expanding and improving upon the first film's universe."[92] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[93] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+", the only film in the Harry Potter series to receive such grade.[78][94]

Roger Ebert gave The Chamber of Secrets 4 out of 4 stars, especially praising the set design.[95] Entertainment Weekly commended the film for being better and darker than its predecessor: "And among the things this Harry Potter does very well indeed is deepen the darker, more frightening atmosphere for audiences. This is as it should be: Harry's story is supposed to get darker".[96] Richard Roeper praised Columbus' direction and the film's faithfulness to the book, saying: "Chris Columbus, the director, does a real wonderful job of being faithful to the story but also taking it into a cinematic era".[97] Variety said the film was excessively long, but praised it for being darker and more dramatic, saying that its confidence and intermittent flair to give it a life of its own apart from the books was something The Philosopher's Stone never achieved.[98] The Guardian praised the darker storyline, but said that the acting could have been better.[99]

A. O. Scott from The New York Times said: "instead of feeling stirred you may feel battered and worn down, but not, in the end, too terribly disappointed".[7] Peter Travers from Rolling Stone condemned the film for being over-long and too faithful to the book: "Once again, director Chris Columbus takes a hat-in-hand approach to Rowling that stifles creativity and allows the film to drag on for nearly three hours".[100] Kenneth Turan from the Los Angeles Times called the film a cliché which is "deja vu all over again, it's likely that whatever you thought of the first production – pro or con – you'll likely think of this one".[101]

Accolades

[edit]

Chamber of Secrets was nominated for three BAFTA Awards: Best Production Design, Best Sound, and Best Special Visual Effects.[102] The film was also nominated for six Saturn Awards.[103] It received two nominations at the inaugural Visual Effects Society Awards.[104] The Broadcast Film Critics Association granted it the Best Family Film and Best Composer awards,[105] and nominated it for Best Digital Acting Performance (for Toby Jones).[106]

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients Result Ref.
Amanda Awards 22 August 2003 Best Foreign Feature Film Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Nominated [107]
Bogey Awards 2002 Bogey Award in Platinum Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Won [108]
British Academy Film Awards 23 February 2003 Best Production Design Stuart Craig Nominated [102]
Best Sound Randy Thom, Dennis Leonard, John Midgley, Ray Merrin, Graham Daniel and Rick Kline Nominated
Best Special Visual Effects Jim Mitchell, Nick Davis, John Richardson, Bill George and Nick Dudman Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award 17 January 2003 Best Family Film Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Won [105]
Best Composer John Williams Won
Best Digital Acting Performance Toby Jones Nominated [106]
Broadcast Music Incorporated Film & TV Awards 14 May 2003 BMI Film Music Award John Williams Won [109]
Golden Reel Awards 22 March 2003 Best Sound Editing – Foreign Film Randy Thom, Dennis Leonard, Derek Trigg, Martin Cantwell, Andy Kennedy, Colin Ritchie, Nick Lowe Nominated [110]
GoldSpirit Awards 2003 Best Recording Edition John Williams bronze [111]
Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Theme bronze
Grammy Awards 8 February 2004 Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media John Williams Nominated [112]
Hugo Awards 28 August–1 September 2003 Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Nominated [113]
Japan Academy Film Prize 7 March 2003 Outstanding Foreign Language Film Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Nominated [114]
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards 12 April 2003 Favorite Movie Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Nominated [115]
London Film Critics Circle 12 February 2003 British Supporting Actor of the Year Kenneth Branagh Won [116]
MTV Movie Awards 31 May 2003 Best Virtual Performance Toby Jones Nominated [117]
Online Film Critics Society 6 January 2003 Best Visual Effects John Richardson Nominated [118]
Saturn Awards 18 May 2003 Best Fantasy Film Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Nominated [103]
Best Performance by a Younger Actor Daniel Radcliffe Nominated
Best Direction Chris Columbus Nominated
Best Costume Lindy Hemming Nominated
Best Make-up Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight Nominated
Best Special Effects John Mitchell, Nick Davis, John Richardson, Bill George Nominated
Stinkers Bad Movie Awards 16 March 2003 Most Annoying Non-Human Character Dobby the House Elf Nominated [119]
Visual Effects Society 19 February 2003 Best Character Animation in a Live Action Motion Picture "Dobby's Face" – David Andrews, Steve Rawlins, Frank Gravatt, Douglas Smythe Nominated [104]
Best Compositing in a Motion Picture "Quidditch Match" – Dorne Huebler, Barbara Brennan, Jay Cooper, Kimberly Lashbrook Nominated

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